ArticleCommunications engineering2026
All-optical closed-loop control of human cardiomyocyte networks exploiting holographic optogenetics.
Article in Communications engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Heart diseases can trigger life-threatening arrhythmias by disrupting cardiac contraction wavefront propagation. In contrast to conventional treatments like electrical pacemakers, optogenetics offers high spatial and temporal resolution for non-invasive interrogation and modulation of cellular activity. However, combining sensing and actuation into a real-time control loop remains challenging. A major obstacle is the data load associated with dense sensor arrays typically required for spatially resolved wavefront monitoring. To overcome this, we present an all-optical, closed-loop control strategy using adaptive holographic stimulation and sparsely sampled, label-free imaging data, enabling robust classification and quantitative characterization of spatial wavefront properties in real time. We successfully demonstrate spatiotemporal optogenetic closed-loop control of wavefront dynamics in functional syncytia of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in at least 107 out of 109 evaluated cases across all experiments. This framework establishes a foundation for advanced feedback control strategies aimed at mimicking, detecting and terminating abnormal propagation patterns.
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Registered trials
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