Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42754279›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2026

Healthcare providers' perspectives on factors influencing treatment choices for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis in Tanzania: a qualitative exploratory study in two regional referral hospitals.

Ritah Francis Mutagonda, Mlela Msongela, Madeline Victor Kinyonga, Mercy B Omary, George N Musiba, Manase Kilonzi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ritah Francis MutagondaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8963-4920
Mlela MsongelaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-8660-7367
Madeline Victor KinyongaDepartment of Pharmacy, Singida Regional Referral Hospital, Singida, Tanzania.
Mercy B OmaryDepartment of Pharmacy, Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania.
George N MusibaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Manase KilonziDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania manasekilonzi@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5355-8353

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo explore healthcare providers' perspectives on factors influencing treatment selection for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis (CM) in Tanzania.

designA hospital-based qualitative exploratory study.

settingDodoma and Singida Regions, Tanzania.

participants17 medical doctors, nurses and pharmacists working in the medical wards were purposely selected based on their clinical experience in managing adult patients with HIV-associated CM.

resultsTreatment choices were influenced by four major themes: (1) guideline awareness and transition from outdated practices; (2) provider experience, confidence and perceived competency; (3) recurrent stock-outs of amphotericin B, flucytosine and essential electrolyte supplements; and (4) patient-level financial barriers affecting access to monitoring and supportive care.

conclusionHIV-associated CM treatment is shaped by healthcare providers, drug availability and patient-related factors. Targeted efforts to strengthen guideline dissemination, ensure uninterrupted antifungal supply and build provider capacity for safe amphotericin B use are crucial for improving CM outcomes.

Indexed as

AIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsAntifungal AgentsAttitude of Health PersonnelHealth PersonnelHIV InfectionsMeningitis, CryptococcalAdultAmphotericin BFemaleFlucytosineHumansMaleQualitative ResearchTanzaniaAmphotericin BAntifungal AgentsFlucytosineCLINICAL PHARMACOLOGYHIV & AIDSQUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Identifiers

PMID42754279
PMCPMC13599938

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.