ArticleVeterinary research communications2026
Improving broiler performance, antioxidant status, immune function and intestinal microbiota with Vitex agnus-castus L. essential oil: a dose-response analysis.
Article in Veterinary research communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of dietary presence of Vitex agnus-castus (VAC) oil on growth performance, gut microbiota, serum metabolic profile, immune response, inflammatory, carcass traits, and antioxidant status of broiler chickens. A total of 320 one-day-old, healthy Cobb chicks (initial BW = 49.5 ± 0.469 g) were randomly allotted into four dietary treatments: a basal control diet (VAC0) or diets supplemented with 0.25 (VAC0.25), 0.5 (VAC0.5), or 1.0 (VAC1.0) mL/kg of VAC oil over a 35-day period. GC-MS analysis identified 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)-, TMS derivative (30.24%), oleic acid, TMS derivative (19.55%), hexadecanoic acid, trimethylsilyl ester (12.98%), linolenic acid (8.37%), and 17-octadecynoic acid (6.8%) as the predominant bioactive components. Dietary VAC significantly increased final live body weight and total body weight gain in a quadratic pattern compared to the control (P < 0.01). Feed intake increased linearly with VAC inclusion, peaking at 0.5 and 1.0 mL/kg (P < 0.01). VAC supplementation quadratically reduced serum biomarkers of renal function (creatinine and urea) and hepatic injury (GGT, AST, ALT, and total/direct bilirubin; P < 0.01). Lipid profiles improved markedly, characterized by significant reductions in total cholesterol and triglycerides alongside elevated high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, particularly at 0.5 and 1.0 mL/kg (P < 0.01). All VAC doses quadratically enhanced antioxidant status by increasing SOD, TAC, and GPx activities, while suppressing oxidative damage markers (protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde; P < 0.01). Furthermore, VAC attenuated inflammation markers (lowering IFN-gamma and haptoglobin) and boosted humoral immunity via higher serum IgY and IgM concentrations (P < 0.01). Cecal microbial analysis revealed increased total bacterial counts alongside marked reductions in Escherichia coli and Clostridium spp. populations in all VAC groups (P < 0.01). In conclusion, VAC oil functions as a potent natural feed additive that enhances broiler performance, metabolic health, gut microflora, and antioxidant-immune defense, with 0.5 and 1.0 mL/kg identified as optimal dietary inclusion levels.
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