ArticlePsychological research2026
Investigating the effects of magnitude-space based numerical working memory loads on the SNARC effect under different number judgment tasks.
Article in Psychological research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effect refers to the phenomenon where smaller numbers are associated with faster left-side responses and larger numbers with faster right-side responses. Previous working memory (WM) research on the SNARC effect has examined cognitive load using visuo-spatial and phonological tasks, highlighting the effect's flexibility. This study investigated the effects of mental number line (MNL) compatibility (small-left/large-right vs. small-right/large-left) and magnitude-space-based cognitive loads (space, magnitude, and magnitude-space) on number judgments. Participants completed a numerical 1-back task involving three types of WM loads presented in either MNL compatible or incompatible formats. Responses to targets were made based on whether a number matched the spatial position (space load), magnitude category (magnitude load), or both (magnitude-space load) of the preceding number. After each 1-back evaluation, participants performed either a single parity judgment (odd/even) or magnitude comparison (smaller/larger than 5). The results showed that MNL compatible conditions produced a regular SNARC effect, while incompatible conditions led to a reverse SNARC. The effect was more pronounced under the space load than under the magnitude load. In parity judgment, compatible loads produced a regular SNARC effect, whereas incompatible loads showed no reverse SNARC. In contrast, the magnitude comparison task revealed a more pronounced reverse SNARC under incompatible loads. These results challenge the SNARC effect as purely automatic, emphasizing the coactivation of long-term numerical representations and WM in shaping spatial-numerical associations. Furthermore, the findings highlight the effect's sensitivity to task-specific demands, demonstrating that spatial-numerical associations can dynamically adapt to varying cognitive strategies.
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