ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2026
Natural medicines for asthma management: mechanisms aligned with endotypes and multi-dimensional intervention.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Asthma is a heterogeneous chronic inflammatory airway disease affecting over 300 million people globally. Inhaled corticosteroids remain first-line therapy but cause adverse effects and fail to address core pathologies in 5%-10% of patients-particularly those with Type 2-low endotypes exhibiting glucocorticoid resistance. Natural medicines, with multi-component synergy, offer a promising strategy to bridge this gap. Objective: This review synthesizes advances in botanical extracts and bioactive constituents for asthma management, focusing on pharmacological mechanisms aligned with asthma endotypes. Methods: A literature search across PubMed and Web of Science (2010-2026) included preclinical studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Therapeutic effects were categorized into anti-inflammation, antioxidant modulation, immunoregulation, and anti-remodeling. Results: Botanical therapeutics concurrently restore epithelial barrier integrity, rebalance Th1/Th2/Th17 immunity, activate Nrf2-mediated antioxidant pathways, and inhibit airway remodeling. RCTs demonstrate adjunctive benefits in mild-to-moderate asthma; however, translational bottlenecks persist, including phytochemical bioavailability issues and insufficient biomarker-stratified data. Conclusion: Natural medicines overcome limitations of single-target synthetic drugs via multi-dimensional intervention. Clinical translation necessitates standardized formulations, advanced pulmonary delivery systems, rigorous safety evaluations-including herb-drug interactions-and endotype-stratified RCTs.
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