ArticleClinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science2026
Reproducible Temperament Profiles in Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Prospectively Predict Clinical Outcomes.
Article in Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Currently, the field faces controversy about how to integrate novel, trait-based dimensions into existing psychological diagnostic frameworks. The problem is salient for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which encompasses a partially coherent neurodevelopmental syndrome that is nonetheless heterogeneous with respect to mechanism and outcomes. Here, we suggest that temperament profiles, related to trait-based variation in emotional response and regulation, provide a viable way to link the complexity of within-group trait variation to differences in clinical outcomes. Across two large, independent samples of adolescents with ADHD (Oregon ADHD-1000, ABCD) we identified largely reproducible temperament profiles: a high approach motivation profile ("Surgent") and a high negative emotion profile ("Irritable"). In both samples, the Irritable profile prospectively predicted worsening clinical outcomes over multiple years of longitudinal follow-up. Temperament profiling approaches can contribute to improved risk/resilience prediction among individuals with ADHD and help bridge dimensional models of psychopathology with developmental process and clinical decision-making.
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