ArticleBioactive materials2027
Oligosaccharide adjuvant-deferred antigen endocytosis promotes cross-presentation.
Article in Bioactive materials, 2027. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antigen cross-presentation by dendritic cells (DCs) is essential for inducing cytotoxic immune responses, which are crucial for eliminating infected or malignant cells. Although microbial signal processing reveals that the temporal relationship between DC activation and antigen uptake dictates cross-presentation efficiency, these two fundamental events are poorly coordinated in current vaccine design. Here, we report an oligosaccharide (OG) adjuvant that induces rapid DC activation but deferred antigen uptake, by sequentially activating two separate pathogen-recognition receptors on the same cells. Specifically, we synthesize a series of glucomannan hexasaccharides with varying degrees of acetylation (acOG6) and identify a low-acetylated candidate (0.6; acOG6-L) that could rapidly activate DCs into a pro-inflammatory state through toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling while, after 6 h, triggering cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14)-mediated antigen internalization. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations provide structural insight into how acetylation affects the assembly of acOG6-L and its interaction with TLR2 pockets. This temporal deferment enables the trafficking of ovalbumin (OVA), which is readily conjugated with acOG6-L, into endosomal compartments, where the recruited nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2) contributes to the alkalization of the antigen-containing phagosome - a critical step for promoting cross-presentation. Comprehensive
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.