Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42751324›Full record

ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2026

Changes in HIV Clinical Visit Frequency and Viral Suppression During and After COVID-19 Restrictions: A Nested Study Within NA-ACCORD in the US, 2018-2021.

Yue Zhang, Brenna C Hogan, Kelly A Gebo, Peter F Rebeiro, Milton L Wainberg, Catherine R Lesko, Vincent C Marconi, N Sarita Shah, Raynell Lang, Nel Jason L Haw and 11 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Yue ZhangDepartment of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-0025
Brenna C HoganDepartment of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7100-8910
Kelly A GeboDepartment of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA.
Peter F RebeiroDepartments of Medicine, Biostatistics, and Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Milton L WainbergDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA.
Catherine R LeskoDepartment of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1717-2592
Vincent C MarconiDivision of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
N Sarita ShahDivision of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6069-0857
Raynell LangDepartment of Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0268-4680
Nel Jason L HawDepartment of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2602-4214
Yawei ChengDepartment of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Michael A HorbergMid-Atlantic Permanente Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic States, Washington, DC, USA.
Jennifer O LamDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5650-4310
Michael J SilverbergDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9322-1395
George YendewaDivision of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Joseph J EronDivision of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Richard D MooreDepartment of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8250-5069
Angela M ParcesepeDepartment of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Keri N AlthoffDepartment of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5068-6595
North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD)
North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD)

Funding

WOMEN'S HEALTH AGENDAU01AI038858 · NIAID · SOCIAL AND SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS, INC. · PI BENSON, CONSTANCE ANN · 1996 to 2008
$157.5M
AIDS Clinical Trials Group NetworkU01AI068636 · NIAID · SOCIAL AND SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS, INC. · PI KURITZKES, DANIEL R. · 2006 to 2010
$147.1M
UCSF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE INSTITUTEUL1RR024131 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI JOHNSTON, S. CLAIBORNE · 2006 to 2011
$111.2M
University of Washington/Fred Hutch Center for AIDS ResearchP30AI027757 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI EDWIN ROBERTO ORELLANA · 1988 to 2026
$104.9M
Unsolicited R24 for the CFAR-Network of Integrated Clinical Sciences, CNICSR24AI067039 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI Michael S. Saag · 2006 to 2026
$99.4M
Virology CoreP30AI027763 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI STEVEN Grant DEEKS · 1988 to 2026
$93.6M
Implementing a Maternal health and PRegnancy Outcomes Vision for Everyone (IMPROVE)UL1TR002378 · NCATS · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Andres J Garcia, Elizabeth O. Ofili · 2017 to 2026
$92.1M
Virology CoreP30AI027767 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI OLAF KUTSCH · 1988 to 2026
$84.1M
STATISTICAL AND DATA MANAGEMENT CENTERU01AI038855 · NIAID · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI HUGHES, MICHAEL DAVID · 1996 to 2006
$78.1M
Engaging University of California Stakeholders for Biorespository ResearchUL1TR000004 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI GRANDIS, JENNIFER RUBIN · 2012 to 2015
$78.0M
Studies of Ocular Complications of AIDS - Coordinating CenterU10EY008057 · NEI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI VAN NATTA, MARK L · 1988 to 2012
$78.0M
Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology CoreP30AI050410 · NIAID · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI DAVID M. MARGOLIS · 2001 to 2026
$76.9M
Intramural NIH HHS Z01 CP010176NCATS NIH HHS KL2 TR000421NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000004NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000083NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002378NCATS NIH HHS UM1 TR004406NCI NIH HHS N01 CP001004NCI NIH HHS N02 CP055504NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR024131NEI NIH HHS K23 EY013707NEI NIH HHS U10 EY008052NEI NIH HHS U10 EY008057NEI NIH HHS U10 EY008067NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146192NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146193NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146194NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146201NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146202NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146203NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146204NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146205NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146208NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146240NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146241NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146242NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146245NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL146333NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA016893NIAAA NIH HHS U01 AA013566NIAAA NIH HHS U01 AA020790NIAAA NIH HHS U24 AA020794NIAID NIH HHS F31 AI124794NIAID NIH HHS K01 AI093197NIAID NIH HHS K01 AI131895NIAID NIH HHS K01 AI157849NIAID NIH HHS K24 AI065298NIAID NIH HHS K24 AI118591NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI027757NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI027763NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI027767NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI036219NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI050409NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI050410NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI094189NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI110527NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI177010NIAID NIH HHS R24 AI067039NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI038855NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI038858NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI068634NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI068636NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI069432NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI069434NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI069918NIA NIH HHS R01 AG053100NIDA NIH HHS F31 DA037788NIDA NIH HHS K24 DA000432NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA011602NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA012568NIDA NIH HHS R34 DA045592NIDA NIH HHS U01 DA036297NIDA NIH HHS U01 DA036935NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM133807NIMHD NIH HHS G12 MD007583NIMH NIH HHS P30 MH062246NIMH NIH HHS RF1 MH133427
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Temporary COVID-19-related restrictions disrupted routine HIV care and viral load (VL) testing for people with HIV (PWH). Whether and when encounters and VL suppression returned to prepandemic levels remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate changes in HIV clinical encounter frequency and VL suppression from 2018 through 2021, and assess the impact of COVID-19 restriction policy. Methods: Adults (≥18 years) with HIV from 12 US clinical cohorts with ≥1 VL test from June 2020 to December 2021 were categorized into mutually exclusive HIV care groups: (1) Results: Among PWH Conclusions: HIV care encounters returned to prepandemic levels by late 2020, with sustained viral suppression. Prolonged COVID-19 restrictions were associated with higher risk of unsuppressed VL. HIV patients, providers, and clinics showed resilience during COVID-19 disruptions, offering lessons for future emergencies.

Indexed as

COVID-19 pandemicCOVID-19 restrictionsHIVHIV care encountersviral load suppression

Identifiers

PMID42751324
PMCPMC13579476

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.