Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42751048›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2026

Sleep characteristics in young children with autism spectrum disorder: a case control study.

Xian Liu, Cheng Guo, Cuilian Gao, Yunting Li, Fei Ren, Shenjie Yu, Qinghuan Ding, Yuenuo He, Zimo Li, Zhifang Huang and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Xian Liu *The Assessment and Intervention Center for Autistic Children, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China.
Cheng Guo *The Assessment and Intervention Center for Autistic Children, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China.
Cuilian Gao *The Assessment and Intervention Center for Autistic Children, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China.
Yunting LiThe Assessment and Intervention Center for Autistic Children, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China.
Fei RenThe Assessment and Intervention Center for Autistic Children, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China.
Shenjie YuThe Assessment and Intervention Center for Autistic Children, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China.
Qinghuan DingThe Assessment and Intervention Center for Autistic Children, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China.
Yuenuo HeThe Assessment and Intervention Center for Autistic Children, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China.
Zimo LiThe Assessment and Intervention Center for Autistic Children, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China.
Zhifang HuangThe Assessment and Intervention Center for Autistic Children, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China.
Jing YuThe Assessment and Intervention Center for Autistic Children, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China.
Wenqing WeiThe Assessment and Intervention Center for Autistic Children, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China.
Jingyu HuangThe Assessment and Intervention Center for Autistic Children, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China.
Wen-Xiong ChenThe Assessment and Intervention Center for Autistic Children, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to compare the differences in sleep characteristics between autistic children and typically developing children, with a focus on sleep timing, duration, and patterns. Methods: This study included 246 children with autism from an autism cohort and 246 age-matched typically developing children selected as controls. Sleep-related data were collected using structured questionnaires and interviews, along with demographic, socioeconomic, and sleep-related variables. Sleep duration was expressed in hours, and sleep timing variables were converted into decimal hours for analysis. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess between-group differences after adjusting for relevant confounding factors. Results: In the weekday sleep pattern, children with autism showed later sleep onset (adjusted Conclusion: Children with autism exhibit notable sleep impairments, characterized by later sleep timing, shorter sleep duration, and more frequent nighttime awakenings. These findings suggest that sleep characteristics may be relevant for early identification and management in children with autism.

Indexed as

autism spectrum disordernighttime awakeningssleep characteristicssleep durationsocial jetlag

Identifiers

PMID42751048
PMCPMC13579451

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