ArticlePhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2026
At-home limbic-targeted transcranial electrical stimulation during sleep: a feasibility study in healthy adults.
Article in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- At-home limbic-targeted transcranial electrical stimulation during sleep: a feasibility study in healthy adults.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Deep sleep (N3) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep are critical for memory and emotional regulation and are often disrupted in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Recent work suggests that focal limbic slow oscillations may provide a target for transcranial electrical stimulation (TES). This study evaluated the feasibility of low-intensity, limbic-targeted TES during sleep and its effects on sleep architecture in healthy adults. A total of 17 healthy participants completed a sham-controlled intervention using an at-home TES device. Stimulation was synchronized with N2 onset, and an overnight electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. Sleep stage durations and proportions were compared between TES and off conditions. Limbic-targeted TES was associated with longer total sleep time than the off condition. A repeated-measures ANOVA demonstrated a significant main effect of condition without a significant condition × sleep-stage interaction. Planned pairwise comparisons showed longer absolute N3 and REM sleep durations during TES, whereas only REM increased as a proportion of total sleep time. Participants tolerated the device well, and blinding was maintained. Limbic-targeted TES was feasible to administer during sleep in a natural home environment and was associated with increased total sleep time. These findings provide preliminary evidence of sleep-architecture modulation and support further investigation in larger studies and clinical populations. This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Digital healthcare for the management of functional neurological disorders'.
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