Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42750018›Full record

SynthesisBMC endocrine disorders2026

Efficacy and safety of orforglipron 12 mg versus orforglipron 36 mg maintenance dose among patients with obesity with or without diabetes: a systematic review and comprehensive meta-analysis.

Mohamed Gamal Hegaz, Mohammad Yassin Al Aboud, Abanoub I I Kamel, Muhammad Abdullah Naveed, Omar Gamal Elsayed, Aqsa Zoey Sorathia

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC endocrine disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Mohamed Gamal HegazFaculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-8825-7772
Mohammad Yassin Al AboudFaculty of Medicine, Latakia University, Latakia, Syria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-5341-4258
Abanoub I I KamelFaculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minya, Egypt. abanoub.ibrahim.kamel@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-4512-8565
Muhammad Abdullah NaveedDow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan. abdullahnaveed120703@gmail.com.
Omar Gamal ElsayedFaculty of Medicine, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
Aqsa Zoey SorathiaSt Joseph's University Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-6411-8086

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundObesity is projected to affect about one billion adults by 2030 and is associated with cardiometabolic morbidity. Orforglipron is an oral, non-peptide glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist developed to provide weight and metabolic benefits. Prior meta-analyses have supported its efficacy and safety but were limited by shorter follow-up and a predominance of non-diabetic populations. This meta-analysis aims to provide the most comprehensive head-to-head comparison between the two most commonly studied maintenance doses (12 mg vs. 36 mg), assessing weight, glycemic, cardiometabolic, and safety outcomes.

methodsWe searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus until March 1, 2026, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing orforglipron 12 mg and 36 mg in obese adults. Outcomes of interest included percentage and absolute body weight change, BMI, HbA1c, waist circumference, lipid parameters, blood pressure, and adverse events. Results were pooled using a fixed-effects model, and prespecified subgroup analyses examined differences by diabetes status and treatment duration.

resultsSix RCTs (3459 participants) were included. Compared with the 12 mg dose, the 36 mg dose was associated with greater reductions in percentage body weight change (p < 0.00001), absolute body weight change (p < 0.00001), body mass index (p < 0.00001), HbA1c (p < 0.00001), waist circumference (P < 0.00001), percent change in triglycerides (P = 0.002), and systolic blood pressure (P = 0.002). Adverse events were comparable between doses. No significant differences were observed in gastrointestinal events or pancreatic functions. A small difference in pulse rate was noted but was not considered clinically significant.

conclusionIn obese adults, orforglipron 36 mg improved weight and metabolic outcomes compared with 12 mg. No statistically significant differences between doses were detected for the prespecified safety outcomes, although small increases in ALT and AST were observed with the 36 mg dose and the trials included were not powered to detect rare or long-term adverse events. These findings support consideration of the higher maintenance dose when clinically appropriate. Longer-term studies are needed to confirm the benefit and cardiovascular outcomes. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

Indexed as

Diabetes MellitusDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2ObesityDose-Response Relationship, DrugFluorine CompoundsHumansOxadiazolesRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicFluorine CompoundsorforglipronOxadiazolesEfficacyHead-to-headMeta-analysisObesityOrforglipronSafety

Identifiers

PMID42750018
PMCPMC13579720

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.