ArticleBMC infectious diseases2026
Comparison of prevalence and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection between preterm and full-term children after lifting the prevention and control measures in China: a nationwide cross-sectional survey.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivesTo analyze whether there were differences in the prevalence and outcomes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection between preterm-born and full-term children after lifting the prevention and control measures in China.
methodsThis survey was conducted in March 2023 after nation-wide lifting of the prevention and control measures for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. Data were collected from parents of children < 8 years of age across the country through the "Wenjuanxing (Questionnaire Star)" platform. Differences between preterm-born and full-term children in binary outcomes were assessed by binary logistic regression or modified Poisson regression. Models were weighted using entropy balancing.
resultsA total of 1981 children with valid questionnaires were included in the analysis, comprising 544 preterm-born children (27.5%) and 1437 full-term children (72.5%). The difference in proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infections between preterm-born and full-term children (73.5% vs. 77.5%) was statistically non-significant. The infected preterm-born children exhibited more severe clinical presentations of SARS-CoV-2 infection relative to those born at full term (OR = 1.549, 95% CI: 1.025-2.342). Compared with full-term children, preterm-born children showed a prolonged hospital stay (OR = 2.472, 95% CI: 1.380-4.430) and a higher propensity for respiratory support (OR = 4.147, 95% CI: 1.336-12.868). Among infected preterm-born children, those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) had a higher risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection than those without BPD (OR = 2.485, 95% CI: 1.340-4.610). However, the associations were attenuated and became statistically non-significant after accounting for gestational age.
conclusionsPreterm birth was associated with an increased severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children aged 8 years and younger. Moreover, having BPD was associated with a higher risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 illness among preterm children which may be partially explained by the lower gestational age.
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