Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42749888›Full record

ArticleNature medicine2026

EBV reactivation priming of the peripheral immune system in multiple sclerosis relapse.

Devin A King, Shrishti Saxena, Danielle Caefer, Kyle C Downer, Laura E Saucier, Ethan Goodman, Jonmichael Aracena, Alena Zhirova, Anthilia Alchanat, Saoirse Nolan and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Devin A KingTranslational Neuroimmunology Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-6485-2362
Shrishti SaxenaTranslational Neuroimmunology Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3429-5671
Danielle CaeferTranslational Neuroimmunology Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3100-4085
Kyle C DownerTranslational Neuroimmunology Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Laura E SaucierTranslational Neuroimmunology Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Ethan GoodmanTranslational Neuroimmunology Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Jonmichael AracenaTranslational Neuroimmunology Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Alena ZhirovaTranslational Neuroimmunology Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-4752-5142
Anthilia AlchanatTranslational Neuroimmunology Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-4529-9482
Saoirse NolanTranslational Neuroimmunology Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Hrishikesh LokhandeTranslational Neuroimmunology Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Howard L WeinerAnn Romney Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Benjamin E GewurzHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3965-3418
Tanuja ChitnisTranslational Neuroimmunology Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. tchitnis@bwh.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9897-4422

Funding

U.S. Department of Defense (United States Department of Defense) MS240142
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite decades of research, the cellular and molecular events preceding multiple sclerosis (MS) relapse remain incompletely understood. Here, in this observational study of longitudinal blood samples from patients with relapsing-remitting MS, we used single-cell RNA sequencing, bulk transcriptomics, multiparameter flow cytometry and targeted viral reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to construct a time-resolved atlas of immune perturbations surrounding relapse. A reproducible pre-relapse signature in monocytes and B cells, emerging up to 3 months before clinical onset, was enriched for host genes responsive to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lytic reactivation factors. RT-qPCR confirmed elevated EBV LMP-1 transcripts in pre-relapse B cells, and flow cytometry demonstrated expansion of CD11c

Identifiers

PMID42749888

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.