ArticleJournal of medical Internet research2026
Bringing the Green Environment From Outdoors to Indoors Through Virtual Reality for Psychological Well-Being: Quasi-Experimental Study.
Article in Journal of medical Internet research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background: Urban green spaces support psychological well-being, yet access is often limited for city residents. Virtual reality (VR) offers a promising indoor alternative, but evidence on sustained mental health effects of longer-term VR nature exposure remains limited. Objective: This exploratory pilot study aimed to explore the effectiveness of a 12-week VR green environment intervention in influencing self-reported psychological outcomes among urban residents. Methods: A nonrandomized control group pretest-posttest design was used with healthy urban adults aged 20 to 50 years. The experimental group received weekly 30-minute VR green environment sessions for 12 weeks, while the control group received no intervention. Self-reported psychological outcomes were assessed using standardized questionnaires and analyzed using generalized estimating equations. Results: Of the 60 participants recruited, 55 (91.6%) completed the study, with 30 (54.5%) in the experimental group and 25 (45.5%) in the control group. Significant group-by-time effects indicated that the experimental group showed reductions in distress (β=-5.17; Conclusions: This exploratory pilot investigation suggests that repeated VR green environment exposure has the potential to be a feasible health promotion tool for supporting psychological well-being among urban adults. These findings are preliminary and should not be interpreted as evidence of clinical therapeutic effectiveness.
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