Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42748111›Full record

Trial reportPloS one2026

Effects of unilateral single-mode balance training compared to combined balance and plyometric training on soccer players' interlimb asymmetry in static and dynamic balance performance.

Thomas Muehlbauer, Reinhold Kliegl, Katharina Borgmann, Sam Limpach, Dirk Krombholz, Stefan Panzer

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Thomas MuehlbauerDivision of Movement and Training Sciences/Biomechanics of Sport, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7774-8664
Reinhold KlieglDepartment of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0180-8488
Katharina BorgmannDivision of Movement and Training Sciences/Biomechanics of Sport, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8059-7631
Sam LimpachInstitute of Sport Science, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Dirk KrombholzInstitute of Sport Science, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Stefan PanzerInstitute of Sport Science, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe effects of training interventions on interlimb balance performance have been recently investigated. However, no comparison was conducted between the impact of a single-mode versus combined training modality, whereby complementary adaptations are suggested for the latter.

objectiveThus, we investigated the effects of a single-mode versus combined training modality on interlimb static and dynamic balance performance in soccer players.

methodsYoung male soccer players (N = 57, Tier level 3) were randomly allocated to a unilateral single-mode balance training (BT) group (n = 17, age: 13.8 ± 1.5 years), a unilateral combined balance and plyometric jump training (BT + PT) group (n = 20, age: 14.1 ± 1.5 years) or an active control (CON) group (n = 20, age: 14.2 ± 1.6 years). Training was conducted in-season for nine weeks (two sessions per week) using the non-dominant leg. Pre- and post-intervention, unipedal balance performance was assessed for both legs under static (unipedal stance only) and dynamic (unipedal stance with continuous leg swing) task conditions while increasing the difficulty level (i.e., gradual reduction of the base of support). Binary (success rate) and metric (center of pressure [CoP] indices, limb symmetry index [LSI]) parameters of postural control were calculated.

resultsBoth training modalities yielded significant improvements in interlimb static and dynamic postural control, with greater effects in the single-mode BT group for the parameter success rate and in the combined BT + PT group for the CoP-based indices. Significant improvements in the LSI occurred irrespective of the training modality.

conclusionBoth, single-mode BT (binary outcome) and combined BT + PT (metric outcome) appear to be effective in improving interlimb static and dynamic postural control in young male soccer players. Due to the floor and ceiling effects across outcome domains, it cannot be concluded that one training mode is superior to the other. However, the more in-depth analysis (i.e., CoP-based indices) yields findings in favor of the combined BT + PT and suggests that regulatory processes, in particular, benefit from this training modality.

Indexed as

Athletic PerformancePlyometric ExercisePostural BalanceSoccerAdolescentHumansMale

Identifiers

PMID42748111
PMCPMC13581024

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.