Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42747941›Full record

Trial reportDiabetes care2026

From Alert to Action: Electronic Practice Advisory Improves DSMES Referrals Over 18 Months.

Katrina E Donahue, Jacqueline R Halladay, Ping Chen, Kathleen Mottus, Karen Goeke-Austin, Jennifer Rees, Maihan B Vu, Aaron Thomas, Kelli Hammond, Alice Merritt and 1 more

Abstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetes care, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Katrina E DonahueDepartment of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.ORCID 0000-0003-4075-2875
Jacqueline R HalladayDepartment of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
Ping ChenFrank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
Kathleen MottusCecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
Karen Goeke-AustinUNC Health, Chapel Hill, NC.
Jennifer ReesNorth Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
Maihan B VuCenter for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
Aaron ThomasUNC Health, Chapel Hill, NC.
Kelli HammondDepartment of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
Alice MerrittUNC Health, Chapel Hill, NC.
Laura A YoungCecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.

Funding

NIDDK NIH HHS 1-R34-DK132571-01
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveEngagement in diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) is suboptimal among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The PROMPT (Prospective Registry of Multiplex Testing) study examined whether referral rates to DSMES increased through a best practice advisory (BPA) deployed during clinic visits via the electronic health record. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsIn this cluster-randomized controlled trial in central North Carolina, we created a BPA within the electronic health record that deployed when eligible patients with T2D attended primary care visits. The BPA was active in four primary care practices over 18 months, with two control practices. After 12 months, standing orders were added so the BPA would additionally deploy for nurses or medical assistants before patients saw their clinician. We analyzed data using multilevel logistic regression modeling with patient data nested within clinics, using binary logit functions and maximum likelihood estimation to estimate the odds of DSMES referrals.

resultsAt 12 months, the BPA intervention achieved a 12.9% DSMES referral rate compared with 1.2% in control clinics (P < 0.001). At 18 months, the referral rate remained higher in the intervention clinics (13.7%) than in control clinics (1.6%; P < 0.001). After adjusting for patient and clinic characteristics, the odds of referral in BPA-exposed clinics were significantly greater than in control clinics at both time points: odds ratio (OR) 10.55 (95% CI 4.65-23.94) at 12 months and OR 9.44 (95% CI 4.91-18.17) at 18 months after implementation of standing orders.

conclusionsIntegrating BPA prompts into the electronic health record boosts DSMES referral rates, and adding standing orders helps sustain these gains.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Referral and ConsultationSelf-ManagementAgedElectronic Health RecordsFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNorth Carolina

Identifiers

PMID42747941

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.