ArticlePeerJ2026
Reliability and validity of the Turkish EQ-5D-5L in adults living with HIV.
Article in PeerJ, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has shifted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care from survival toward optimizing quality of life. In the contemporary ART era, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is recognized as a core outcome in HIV care. The EQ-5D-5L is widely used to measure HRQoL. However, its measurement properties have not been evaluated in Turkish people living with HIV (PLHIV). This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Turkish EQ-5D-5L in PLHIV. Methods: We conducted a psychometric validation study at a tertiary center and enrolled 157 PLHIV. For test-retest reliability, 60 participants completed the EQ-5D-5L on two occasions. Because Turkey currently lacks an EQ-5D-5L value set, and to enhance the robustness of interpretation , utility scores were calculated using five international value sets. We assessed internal consistency, test-retest reliability, internal structure using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and construct validity using known-groups comparisons and within-instrument convergent and discriminant validity analyses. Results: The cohort had a median age of 41 years, was predominantly male (93%), mostly virally suppressed (94.3%), and had generally favorable immunological status. A ceiling effect was observed in 36.9% of participants. Internal consistency was high (ordinal α = 0.930; ω total = 0.954). Test-retest reliability was good for utility indices (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.799-0.886) and the level sum score (ICC = 0.880), but lower for the EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS) (ICC = 0.656). Model fit was good (Comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.999; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.053), and standardized loadings ranged from 0.651 (for anxiety/depression) to 0.975 (for usual activities). Known-groups comparisons showed significantly lower utility scores and EQ-VAS values in participants with comorbidities ( Conclusion: The Turkish EQ-5D-5L demonstrates acceptable reliability and construct validity in PLHIV receiving routine care, and CFA suggested a coherent internal response structure in this sample. Ceiling effects in this clinically stable cohort warrant consideration when selecting outcomes for studies targeting subtle within-person change. Development of a Turkey-specific value set remains a priority.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.