ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Dual targeting of CD244 and CD2 by a viral-immunoevasin-guided engineered CD48-Fc mutant for T- and NK-cell modulation.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Viruses encode immunoevasins that subvert host co-signaling pathways. CD244:CD48 and CD2:CD58 interactions are critical for NK- and T-cell effector responses. We previously identified a herpesvirus-encoded soluble CD48 homolog that functions as a decoy ligand for CD244 and dampens NK-cell activation. Here, we show that this viral protein, A43, also recognizes CD2, and we used its structural features to engineer human CD48-Fc variants with dual CD244/CD2 specificity. The optimized mutein, C5-Fc, which incorporates twelve A43-guided substitutions predicted by structure-based modeling to enhance interface packing and electrostatic complementarity, resulted in high-avidity binding and competitively displacement of native ligands. Fc-silenced C5-Fc (C5-Fc
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