Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42746250›Full record

ArticleGeoHealth2026

Low-Income, Minority-Serving Public Schools in Southern California Have Disproportionately High Surface Temperatures.

Joaquin Murillo, Gabriella R Dauber, Joshua B Fisher, Gregory R Goldsmith

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in GeoHealth, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Joaquin MurilloDale E. and Sara Ann Fowler School of Engineering Chapman University Orange CA USA.
Gabriella R DauberSchmid College of Science and Technology Chapman University Orange CA USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8295-6706
Joshua B FisherSchmid College of Science and Technology Chapman University Orange CA USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4734-9085
Gregory R GoldsmithSchmid College of Science and Technology Chapman University Orange CA USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3567-8949

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Extensive evidence demonstrates that people from minority backgrounds often face unequal exposure to extreme heat and have less access to green space that can provide cooling relief. What is less clear is whether these inequities extend to students on school playgrounds, where high temperatures can affect physical health, social and emotional well-being, and learning. We paired high resolution, satellite remote sensing surface temperature data for all 615 of the public schools in Orange County, California (serving ca. 450,000 students) with data on neighborhood household income, race/ethnicity of school enrollment, distance from the coast, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index as a measure of landscape greenness. Based on >47,000 observations from the hottest late summer days, we observed mean school surface temperatures in excess of 40°C, with temperatures at some schools reaching nearly 50°C on some days. Higher school ground surface temperatures were significantly correlated with low household income (

Indexed as

climate changeenvironmental justicegreen spacesland surface temperaturesplaygroundsremote sensing

Identifiers

PMID42746250
PMCPMC13576633

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.