ArticleFrontiers in psychology2026
Language enjoyment and emotional engagement: are they distinct or congruent constructs?
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Emotional engagement and foreign language enjoyment are two widely studied affective constructs in second language acquisition (SLA) research, yet their empirical distinctiveness has never been formally tested. Substantial item-level overlap between their measurement instruments and consistently high inter-construct correlations raise the possibility of a jangle fallacy: two different labels applied to the same underlying construct. This study subjected both constructs to rigorous psychometric scrutiny using longitudinal data collected from 122 undergraduates at three time points across a second language (L2) semester. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were employed to assess discriminant validity. CFA yielded high latent correlations between the two factors at all three time points (mean
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