ArticleFrontiers in public health2026
Exposure-response relationship between ambient PM
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Ambient air pollution is a major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and small airway dysfunction (SAD). However, evidence on their nonlinear exposure-response relationships and effect thresholds remain insufficient, and most identified thresholds lack clinical relevance evaluation. This study aimed to examine the nonlinear links of PM Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Yunnan Province from 2021 to 2022, enrolling 11,095 permanent residents aged ≥20 years via multistage random cluster sampling. High-risk individuals were screened using COPD-SQ/COPD-PS questionnaires and received standardized pulmonary function testing. COPD was diagnosed per GOLD guidelines. SAD was defined as at least two of maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), forced expiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity (FEF Results: Among high-risk participants, COPD and SAD prevalence were 27.2 % and 53.6%, respectively. Significant nonlinear exposure-response relationships were observed for both PM Conclusion: Nonlinear relationships exist between PM
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