ReviewFrontiers in microbiology2026
Interplay of gut microbiota, immune cells and natural products in reshaping cancer immunotherapy.
Review in Frontiers in microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
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Abstract
Recent advances have underscored the gut microbiota as an essential orchestrator of host responses to cancer immunotherapy. Gut microbiota and their metabolites play a vital role in modulating host immune responses. They regulate the development, differentiation, and function of a variety of immune cells, including granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), helper T (Th) cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and B cells, as well as the production of cytokines such as interleukins (ILs), interferons (IFNs), tumor necrosis factors (TNFs), colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), chemokines, and growth factors (GFs). These cells and molecules are key mediators in shaping immune system. Natural products from meals, herbs, and microbial, plant, or fungal sources act as powerful modulators of gut microbiota. They can reshape microbial composition, regulate microbial metabolites and maintain intestinal barrier integrity. However, the interaction of natural products, gut microbiota, cytokines, and immune cells in modifying cancer immunotherapy is highly complex and remains largely unexplored. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding how natural products, microbiota, cytokines, and immune cells orchestrate to reshape the tumor microenvironment, offering novel insights and therapeutic opportunities for improving cancer immunotherapy.
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