Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42744829›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

PD-1 regulates CD4

Arrienne B Butic, Elia Afanasiev, Samantha A Spencer, Mofida Abdelmageed, Anirban Paul, Kalynn M Alexander, Katelyn N Ayers, Todd D Schell, Matthew D Lauver, Ge Jin and 8 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Arrienne B ButicDepartment of Cell and Biological Systems, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
Elia AfanasievDepartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Samantha A SpencerDepartment of Cell and Biological Systems, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5048-1736
Mofida AbdelmageedDepartment of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
Anirban PaulDepartment of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
Kalynn M AlexanderDepartment of Cell and Biological Systems, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8749-5744
Katelyn N AyersDepartment of Cell and Biological Systems, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6156-8685
Todd D SchellDepartment of Cell and Biological Systems, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
Matthew D LauverDepartment of Cell and Biological Systems, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7001-9730
Ge JinDepartment of Cell and Biological Systems, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.ORCID 0009-0000-3342-9784
Samantha M BorysDivision of Biology and Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4960-131X
Rachel Y KangDepartment of Neurology, Center for Brain, Immunology, and Glia, Brain Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8017-1616
ChaeMin KimDepartment of Neurology, Center for Brain, Immunology, and Glia, Brain Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.ORCID 0009-0003-0733-5815
Elizabeth A ProctorDepartment of Neurology, Center for Brain, Immunology, and Glia, Brain Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7627-2198
Laurent BrossayDivision of Biology and Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7497-8488
Jo Anne A StrattonDepartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-1205-1353
Vonn WalterDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6114-6714
Aron E LukacherDepartment of Cell and Biological Systems, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA. ael17@psu.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-7969-2841

Funding

NK T Cell Interactions with NK Cells During Viral InfectionR01AI046709 · NIAID · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI BROSSAY, LAURENT · 2001 to 2022
$8.0M
Deciphering Early Stages of Polyomavirus CNS Pathogenesis and ImmunityR35NS127217 · NINDS · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV HERSHEY MED CTR · PI Aron Eliot Lukacher · 2022 to 2026
$4.4M
Impaired Vasoreactivity, Sleep Degradation, and Impaired Clearance in the APOE4 BrainR01AG072513 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA · PI Patrick James Drew, Bruce J Gluckman · 2022 to 2026
$3.8M
Immune response to MCMV infection in the salivary glandsR01AI173163 · NIAID · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI Laurent Brossay · 2023 to 2026
$3.2M
Cell-type specific risk and resilience in Alzheimer’s disease and agingRF1AG072602 · NIA · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV HERSHEY MED CTR · PI PAUL, ANIRBAN · 2021 to 2021
$2.2M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI046709NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI173163NIA NIH HHS R01 AG072513NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG072602NINDS NIH HHS R35 NS127217U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) R35NS127217
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is expressed by T cells during progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a life-threatening brain disease caused by the human-only JC polyomavirus (JCPyV). PD-1 checkpoint immunotherapy has benefited some PML patients, but reasons for its variable outcomes are unclear. Using mouse polyomavirus (MuPyV), we show that PD-1 loss acts in a brain-autonomous manner to increase the magnitude of brain-infiltrating CD4

Indexed as

BrainCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesLeukoencephalopathy, Progressive MultifocalNeuroinflammatory DiseasesProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorAnimalsFemaleHumansJC VirusMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutPdcd1 protein, mouseProgrammed Cell Death 1 Receptor

Identifiers

PMID42744829
PMCPMC13578448

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.