Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42744808›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Pervasive tropical-forced millennial monsoon variability over the past 3.5 million years.

Yan Zhao, Feng Qin, Quan Li, Qiaoyu Cui, Polychronis C Tzedakis, Chen Liang, Chenglong Deng, Yifan Cui, Wenwei Zhao, Weihe Ren and 17 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

27 authors.

Yan ZhaoKey Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. zhaoyan@igsnrr.ac.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1693-9795
Feng QinKey Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Quan LiKey Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8621-6467
Qiaoyu CuiKey Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Polychronis C TzedakisEnvironmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6072-1166
Chen LiangKey Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Chenglong DengUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1848-3170
Yifan CuiKey Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Wenwei ZhaoSchool of Geographical Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
Weihe RenCollege of Geography and Tourism, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, China.
Junyi GeKey Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4569-2915
Qiuzhen YinEarth and Climate Research Center, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7189-8335
Zhipeng WuEarth and Climate Research Center, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4542-9949
Mingqiang LiangEarth and Climate Research Center, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
Yaoliang LiuKey Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Zhiyong ZhangKey Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Maotang CaiKey Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Haicheng WeiQinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.
Yanfen KongKey Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Huan LiSchool of Geographical Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
Hongyi QiuKey Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-7560-2548
Haitao XuKey Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-6267-6654
Hanfei YangKey Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Haoshuang HanKey Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
David A HodellGodwin Laboratory for Palaeoclimate Research, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8537-1588
H John B BirksEnvironmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK.
Zhengtang GuoUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2259-9715

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Earth's climate has experienced abrupt millennial-scale climate variability (MCV) at least since the early Pleistocene, yet their evolution and drivers remain elusive. A 3.5-million-year decadal-to-centennial-resolved lake sediment sequence from the monsoonal Tibetan Plateau reveals a stepped evolution of MCV that differs in detail from that of North Atlantic records. Lithological and pollen changes show precursor millennial events during the interval ~ 3.5-2.7 million years ago (Ma), with the onset of multiple events at ~ 2.8 Ma. From ~ 2.7 Ma, MCV became a permanent feature of glacial periods, intensifying after ~ 1.5 Ma and extending over both glacial and interglacial periods. The embedded astronomical frequencies of MCV and their persistent linkage with precession indicate a tropical insolation origin, driven by changes in the latitudinal temperature gradient and propagated to the Tibetan Plateau via monsoonal circulation. These findings highlight that both tropical forcing and high-latitude ice-dynamic mechanisms should be considered as "dual engines" of MCV.

Identifiers

PMID42744808
PMCPMC13578706

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.