Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42744116›Full record

ArticleJournal of substance use and addiction treatment2026

Review of state laws for reporting or notification requirements for prenatal substance exposure of newborns to child protective or welfare services.

Kodasha Thomas, Dawn Pepin, Charlan D Kroelinger, Richard W Puddy, Shanna Cox

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of substance use and addiction treatment, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Kodasha ThomasDivision of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, NE, MS 107-2, Atlanta, GA, 30341, United States of America.
Dawn PepinOffice of Policy, Performance, and Evaluation (previously Policy, Research, Analysis, and Development Office, Office of the Associate Director for Policy and Strategy), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30329, United States of America.
Charlan D KroelingerDivision of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, NE, MS 107-2, Atlanta, GA, 30341, United States of America. Electronic address: ckroelinger@cdc.gov.
Richard W PuddyOffice of Policy, Performance, and Evaluation (previously Policy, Research, Analysis, and Development Office, Office of the Associate Director for Policy and Strategy), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30329, United States of America.
Shanna CoxDivision of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, NE, MS 107-2, Atlanta, GA, 30341, United States of America.

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionSome state laws include language that require reporting or notification of prenatal substance exposure to child protective or welfare services. There is variation in the requirements specified in state laws.

methodsUsing a cross-sectional legal epidemiology study design, we examined state laws in the United States (all 50 states and the District of Columbia) as of -December 2020, to identify language describing reporting or notification requirements for prenatal substance exposure of newborns to child protective or welfare services. We assessed whether these state laws included language specific to: Plans of Safe Care, type of provider required to report, and legal penalties for failure to report.

resultsLaws in two-thirds of states (37 of 51) included language on reporting or notification requirements for prenatal substance exposure. Among the 37 states with laws that contain language on reporting or notification, 17 included language on Plans of Safe Care; 20 included language on required reporting specific to healthcare workers involved in the prenatal, delivery, or postnatal care of newborns with prenatal substance exposure; and 24 included legal penalties for healthcare worker failure to report.

conclusionIn 2020, most states had laws that included language on reporting and notification requirements for prenatal substance exposure; however, less than half of states with reporting or notification requirements included language on Plans of Safe Care. Documenting the variation in the requirements of these state laws can serve as a baseline to assess changes over time and inform research on studies that assess health and social outcomes.

Indexed as

Child Protective ServicesChild WelfareMandatory ReportingState GovernmentSubstance-Related DisordersCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansInfant, NewbornPregnancyUnited StatesChild abuse and neglect lawMandated reportingPlans of safe carePrenatal substance useProvider penaltiesSubstance-exposed newborns

Identifiers

PMID42744116
PMCPMC13663217

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.