Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42743740›Full record

ArticlePoultry science2026

Establishment of a physiological reference for embryonic development of three SPF duck breeds compared to SPF chickens.

Yu Zhang, Xing Liu, Bozhao Yin, Xin Zhou, Lili Yin, Kaili Li, Changwen Li, Haibo Yu, Wei Zhang, Changyou Xia and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Poultry science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Yu ZhangState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, 150069, China.
Xing LiuState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, 150069, China.
Bozhao YinState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, 150069, China.
Xin ZhouState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, 150069, China.
Lili YinState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, 150069, China.
Kaili LiState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, 150069, China.
Changwen LiState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, 150069, China.
Haibo YuState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, 150069, China.
Wei ZhangState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, 150069, China.
Changyou XiaState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, 150069, China.
Caixia GaoState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, 150069, China. Electronic address: gaocaixia@caas.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Specific pathogen free (SPF) duck and chicken embryos serve as essential biological models bridging fundamental developmental biology and biomedical applications. Although morphological staging has been established for SPF ducks, systematic and standardized reference frameworks for their physiological and biochemical characteristics are still lacking. This study aimed to establish a comprehensive and quantitative reference framework for the embryonic development of three SPF duck breeds (HSM, HBW, and HJD) at different developmental stages, using SPF chickens (BM8 line) as a benchmark. By systematically analyzing exterior embryonated egg characteristics, interior nutrient reserves and microenvironmental dynamics, and embryonic growth kinetics, we constructed developmental reference data. Our results show that exterior embryonated egg characteristics remain largely stable during incubation and may be influenced by genetic background, whereas interior biochemical parameters and nutrient utilization exhibit pronounced stage and species-specific dynamics. The embryos of three SPF duck breeds display more complete yolk utilization, faster late-stage growth, compared with the SPF BM8 chickens. Furthermore, we established stage-specific reference ranges and integrated multi-parameter indicators, including physiological, biochemical, and embryonic growth and developmental parameters. These findings reveal divergent embryonic developmental strategies between ducks and chickens. Furthermore, they provide physiological and biochemical reference data for various SPF duck breeds, which are highly valuable for agricultural research.

Indexed as

BreedEmbryonic developmentPhysiological referenceSPF chickensSPF ducks

Identifiers

PMID42743740
PMCPMC13594842

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.