ArticlePloS one2026
Prevalence and factors associated with anemia among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in northeastern Thailand: A cross-sectional study.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionAnemia is a common complication in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), particularly in regions where thalassemia and iron deficiency are prevalent. However, the relative contribution of genetic hemoglobin disorders in this context has not been well characterized. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia and to identify factors associated with its occurrence among patients with T2DM in northeastern Thailand.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 210 patients with T2DM attending two community health-promoting hospitals in northeastern Thailand. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, hematologic indices, renal function, iron status, and thalassemia genotypes were collected. Anemia was defined according to World Health Organization criteria. Factors associated with anemia were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression analysis, and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported.
resultsThe prevalence of anemia was 54.3%. Thalassemia and related hemoglobinopathies were present in 60.5% of participants, and iron deficiency in 39.5%. Independent predictors of anemia included two or more α-globin gene defects or Hb E co-inherited with α-thalassemia (adjusted OR: 37.8; p = 0.002), Hb E trait (OR: 3.6; p = 0.006), iron deficiency (OR: 3.7; p < 0.001), and chronic kidney disease stages 2 (OR: 3.5; p = 0.002) and 3-4 (OR: 15.7; p < 0.001).
conclusionAnemia was highly prevalent among patients with T2DM in this community-based cohort from northeastern Thailand. Thalassemia-related genotypes, iron deficiency, and chronic kidney disease were significantly associated with anemia. These findings highlight the importance of considering inherited hemoglobin disorders when evaluating anemia in T2DM patients in hemoglobinopathy-endemic regions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.