Efficient determination of ranitidine, famotidine, and cimetidine in environmental and biological matrices using a NH₂-bimetallic MIL-88(Fe/Ni)@SiO₂/Fe₃O₄ composite and dispersive micro solid-phase extraction.

Fahimeh Motamedifar, Mahboubeh Masrournia, Razieh Sanavi Khoshnood

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Fahimeh MotamedifarDepartment of Chemistry, Ma. C, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.

Mahboubeh MasrourniaDepartment of Chemistry, Ma. C, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran. masrour@mshdiau.ac.ir.

Razieh Sanavi KhoshnoodDepartment of Chemistry, Ma. C, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The widespread use of gastrointestinal drugs like ranitidine, famotidine, and cimetidine has led to their emergence as persistent environmental contaminants, while their monitoring in biological fluids remains crucial for clinical toxicology. This study presents the development of a sensitive and efficient analytical method based on dispersive micro solid-phase extraction (d-μ-SPE) coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD) for their determination. A novel magnetic adsorbent, NH₂-bimetallic MIL-88(Fe/Ni)@SiO₂/Fe₃O₄, was synthesized and characterized. The unique bimetallic system and amine functionalization of the metal-organic framework (MOF) provided specific interactions with the target analytes, while the silica shell ensured stability, and the magnetic core facilitated separation. The critical factors affecting the d-μ-SPE efficiency were optimized using a two-stage experimental design: a definitive screening design (DSD) identified pH, sorbent dose, desorption time, and solvent volume as significant, and a subsequent central composite design (CCD) modeled their quadratic effects. Under optimal conditions, the method demonstrated low limits of detection (0.02-0.07 ng mL⁻

Indexed as

Bimetallic metal–organic frameworkDispersive micro solid-phase extractionEnvironmental water analysisGastrointestinal drugsHuman urine samples

Identifiers

PMID42742695

DOI10.1039/D0NJ02509G

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.