Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42742085›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2026

Incidence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in two Indigenous Bolivian cohorts.

Margaret Gatz, Wendy J Mack, Daniel Eid Rodriguez, Raul Quispe Gutierrez, Jesus Bani Cuata, Helena C Chui, Ellen E Walters, Daniel K Cummings, Paul L Hooper, Henrik Zetterberg and 9 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Margaret GatzCenter for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Wendy J MackDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Daniel Eid RodriguezInstitute of Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Mayor de San Simon, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
Raul Quispe GutierrezTsimane Health and Life History Project, San Borja, Bolivia.
Jesus Bani CuataTsimane Health and Life History Project, San Borja, Bolivia.
Helena C ChuiDepartment of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Ellen E WaltersCenter for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Daniel K CummingsEconomic Science Institute, Argyos School of Business and Economics, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA.
Paul L HooperDepartment of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
Henrik ZetterbergDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Caleb E FinchLeonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Benjamin C TrumbleSchool of Human Evolution and Social Change, and Center for Evolution and Medicine and Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
Jonathan StieglitzToulouse School of Economics, Université Toulouse Capitole, Toulouse, France.
Michael D GurvenDepartment of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA.
Randall C ThompsonSaint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.
Gregory S ThomasMemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, Fountain Valley, California, USA.
HORUS TeamSaint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.
Tsimane Health and Life History ProjectEconomic Science Institute, Argyos School of Business and Economics, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA.
Hillard S KaplanEconomic Science Institute, Argyos School of Business and Economics, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA.

Funding

Testing Hypothesized Pathways Linking Infection, Physical Activity, Apoe Genotype, And Biological Sex To Low Dementia Prevalence And Reduced Brain Atrophy In Two Native American PopulationsR01AG054442 · NIA · CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY · PI CALEB E FINCH, Margaret Gatz · 2022 to 2026
$15.2M
Agence Nationale de la Recherche ANR-17-EURE-0010National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health R01 AG054442National Science Foundation 1748282NIA NIH HHS R01 AG054442
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionWe studied dementia incidence and risk factors in Indigenous Tsimane and Moseten Amerindian populations in Amazonian Bolivia with largely subsistence lifestyles.

methodsA median of 4.7 years after baseline dementia assessment, 730 participants (52% male; mean age 67.3 years) were re-visited at two follow-up phases to determine new cases among non-demented at baseline. Clinical evaluation was adapted to culture, language, and illiteracy.

resultsThere were 22 incident dementia cases (7.40/1000 person years; 95% confidence interval = 4.87-11.24). Prevalence rates remained < 2%. Mortality among dementia cases at baseline was significantly greater versus cognitively normal participants. In exploratory analyses, apolipoprotein E ε4 genotype, thoracic aortic calcium, and plasma neurofilament light chain were associated with incident dementia; other risk factors, amyloid, and phosphorylated tau were non-significant. DISCUSSION: In these populations, dementia prevalence is strikingly low, reflecting modestly low incidence and shortened life expectancy after diagnosis. Next steps include delineating vascular contributions versus Alzheimer's disease pathology in dementia cases.

Indexed as

Cognitive DysfunctionDementiaAgedAged, 80 and overApolipoprotein E4BoliviaCohort StudiesFemaleHumansIncidenceIndians, South AmericanMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceRisk FactorsApolipoprotein E4dementiaincidenceIndigenousMosetenTsimane

Identifiers

PMID42742085
PMCPMC13576163

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.