Trial reportDiabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy2026
Effects of Acetylcholine on Endothelial Function and Nitric Oxide Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Sham-Controlled Study.
Trial report in Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Peripheral neuropathy is a prevalent neurological disorder with multiple etiologies. Nerve damage frequently occurs due to prolonged high blood sugar levels and diabetes. Peripheral nerve fiber impairment, mediated mainly through dysregulation of Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) activity, induces irreversible structural damage. Acetylcholine induces vasodilation by stimulating endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production, which relaxes smooth muscle, and by triggering a nerve axon reflex. This reflex releases neuropeptides like substance P, which further dilate vessels and prompt histamine release. This study aims to evaluate the effects of Acetylcholine (Ach) iontophoresis as a vasodilator on endothelial NOS activity to develop a non-invasive transdermal treatment that is effective and devoid of systemic adverse side effects. Methods: Eighty patients, both male and female, diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus were randomly assigned to two groups. The experimental group (A) underwent iontophoresis using acetylcholine for 15 min three times a week for four weeks. The control group (B) underwent 15-minute sessions of sham iontophoresis three times a week for four weeks. Nitric oxide levels and nerve conduction studies of peripheral nerves were assessed pre and post-treatment for both groups. Results: The study demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in endothelium-dependent vasodilation and Nitric Oxide (NO) levels in Group A compared to Group B. However, no significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of electrophysiological outcomes for peripheral nerves and muscles, both pre- and post-treatment. Conclusion: Repeated acetylcholine iontophoresis significantly improved microvascular function, increasing nitric oxide release and tissue perfusion in patients with diabetic neuropathy. While no immediate changes in peripheral nerve conduction were observed, the intervention shows promise as an adjunctive strategy for supporting microvascular health in diabetic neuropathic complications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.