ReviewHealth science reports2026
Epidemiology of Human Metapneumovirus Infection-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Review in Health science reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a globally circulating respiratory pathogen. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the prevalence, case fatality rate, age-related severity, and seasonality of hMPV in the group of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) and Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP). Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of articles on hMPV published from January 2001 to June 2025. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed and ScienceDirect for eligible articles using strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed to estimate pooled prevalence, and subgroup analyses were conducted by study group, geographic region, COVID-19 period, and age group. Results: One hundred one studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 96 contributed to the meta-analysis. The pooled global prevalence of hMPV was 6% (95% CI: 5%-7%). Prevalence estimates were highest in patients with respiratory tract infections (RTIs) patients (6%) and in South America (10%). Age-stratified analysis showed a high prevalence in children under 5 years (7%). Seroprevalence studies demonstrated low hMPV antibody prevalence in young children less than 1 year. The case fatality rate ranged from 2.5% in elderly populations to 4.4% in severe pediatric cases. hMPV mainly affects children under 2 years, with a smaller burden in older adults. Seasonal peaks were typically observed in late winter to early spring. Conclusion: hMPV remains an important cause of respiratory disease worldwide, with a disproportionate burden on children. The significant heterogeneity across studies and evidence of publication bias highlight the need for standardized surveillance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.