A workshop considering genetic research and data collection with American Indian and Alaska Native people outside of Tribal jurisdiction.

Introduction: In the United States (US), Tribes are sovereign nations and have the right to oversee research conducted with Tribal citizens. However, it is unclear who should approve research protocols when data from American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) people are collected off Tribal lands. As genetic research continues to advance and transform the delivery of healthcare, equitable inclusion of AIAN people is necessary, but oversight of research needs clarity. Methods: We held a 3-day workshop with US thought leaders on genetic and other health research with AIAN people in urban areas to explore views and values on this issue and to discuss potential policy and practice solutions. Results: Thirty-six individuals attended. Solidarity surfaced as a foundational motivation for Tribal Nations to review research conducted with AIAN people, whether on Tribal lands or not. Understanding data from Indigenous perspectives was identified as a way to ensure appropriate AIAN community protections are in place. Three discrete areas to improve policy were suggested-Tribal, Academic Institution, and National-to protect AIAN people participating in research both on and off Tribal lands. Discussion: Researchers, whether Indigenous or not, must recognize Tribal sovereignty and operate in solidarity with the applicable and most appropriate ethical principles and regulations.