ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Urine inflammatory protein levels decrease following kidney transplantation.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Kidney transplant recipients are subjected to several types of immunosuppressants in order to prevent rejection of the graft. Over-immunosuppression increases the risk of infectious complications and thesepatients require a delicate balance. Inflammatory profiles from the urine can help identify which biomarkersmay guide clinicians in balancing over vs. under-immunosuppression. Methods: Urine samples were obtained from 10 complete kidney donor-recipient pairs at a pre-operative visit ~1 weekprior to or at time of transplant and then for the recipients, ~3 months following transplantation. The urine samples were analyzed using inflammatory urine biomarker profiles (Mesoscale Discovery). Urine levels were then normalized to urine creatinine values. Differences were noted between groups using the mixed-measures ANOVA, corrected for multiple comparisons with the Tukey test to get adjusted Results: Urine levels of TARC protein, also known as CCL17 and Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- Conclusion: The urine inflammatory profile evolves over the transplant course between donors, pre-transplantrecipients and transplant recipients. Although the transplant itself is typically accepted as a pro-inflammatory event, levels of biomarks in the urine tend to decrease post-transplant. Immunosuppression regimens may influence inflammatory profiles and warrant further investigation.
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