ArticleJournal of geriatric cardiology : JGC2026
Sustained estimated VLDL-C exposure is associated with cardiometabolic multimorbidity and foam cell dysfunction: evidence from prospective cohorts and
Article in Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) may contribute to cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), but prospective evidence on cumulative exposure and cellular evidence in established foam cells remain limited. We aimed to evaluate the association between cumulative estimated VLDL-C exposure and incident CMM and to explore VLDL-r elated changes in established foam cells. Methods: We analyzed 4,055 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and 1,012 from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Cumulative estimated VLDL-C was calculated from two lipid measurements, and K-means clustering identified two-time-point exposure patterns. Cox regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and ROC analyses were performed. Results: In CHARLS, each 1 mmol/L increase in cumulative estimated VLDL-C was associated with higher CMM risk (HR = 1.210, Conclusions: Cumulative estimated VLDL-C was associated with increased CMM risk, but its standalone discriminatory ability was limited.
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