ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2026
Safety and quality evaluation of commercial wheat flour in Saudi Arabia through microbiological, chemical, and molecular analyses: a preliminary baseline assessment.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Wheat flour is a global staple food commodity, yet its microbiological and chemical safety remains a public health concern due to potential contamination throughout the production and supply chain. This study provides a preliminary baseline assessment of the quality and safety of 14 commercial wheat flour samples (X1-X14) obtained from markets in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Standard microbiological methods were employed to detect pathogenic indicators. Heavy metal concentrations were quantified. Ochratoxin-A and total aflatoxins (B1 + B2 + G1 + G2) were analyzed, while pesticide residues were determined. A total of 23 bacterial isolates were purified and identified via 16S rRNA gene Sanger sequencing, with phylogenetic trees constructed using MEGA12, and hemolytic activity was assessed on sheep blood agar. All samples were negative for
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