ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2026
SNR-Weighted Layer-Conditioned Magnetometer Array with Ellipsoid Calibration and Neural Network Initialization for Capsule Endoscopy Localization Under Asymmetric Sensor Visibility.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Passive magnetic localization for wireless capsule endoscopy degrades under involuntary gastrointestinal motion: displacement toward one sensor layer simultaneously saturates near-side magnetometers while driving far-side sensors below the noise floor, a failure mode we term asymmetric layer visibility. Existing single-layer and multi-layer systems do not model this explicitly, and full-array Jacobian conditioning degrades progressively with displacement even where a layer-conditioned decomposition remains comparatively stable. We present a two-layer magnetometer array with three algorithmic contributions: per-sensor SNR gating excluding saturated or low-SNR sensors before optimization; layer-conditioned Levenberg-Marquardt estimation on a five-dimensional manifold via spherical parameterization; and SNR-weighted fusion with geodesic interpolation on S2, combined with layer-wise ellipsoid calibration and neural network initialization. Eight LIS3MDL tri-axial magnetometers in a 15×15×30 cm
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