Novel Vertical Localization Using Spectral Cues Analysis from Artificial Human Ears.

Piyanat Sirisawat, Saiyan Saiyod, Woottichai Nonsakhoo

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In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Piyanat SirisawatHardware-Human Interface and Communications Laboratory (H2I-Comm Lab), Department of Computer Science, College of Computing, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.

Saiyan SaiyodHardware-Human Interface and Communications Laboratory (H2I-Comm Lab), Department of Computer Science, College of Computing, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.ORCID 0000-0001-7233-6572

Woottichai NonsakhooHardware-Human Interface and Communications Laboratory (H2I-Comm Lab), Department of Computer Science, College of Computing, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.ORCID 0009-0004-8824-4014

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The ability to detect and localize the direction of the source of sounds has been with humans since ancient times, as humans can tell the direction of the sound coming from both the horizontal plane and vertical plane. Recent theory on why humans can distinguish the direction of the sound in the vertical plane is due to the difference between sounds reflected in human ears, more specifically, the pinna, which distort the sound in both the frequency domain and the time domain. In this paper, we will explore more on how to use the distortion in the time domain to localize the sound in the vertical plane. By analyzing the sound that is reflected in one of the artificial ears in the time domain, we use those data as a model to determine the sound coming from the vertical plane. The average angular error of the model is 4.86 degrees, with an RMSE of 6.90. The result confirms that we can analyze the sound in the time domain to determine the sound source direction in the vertical plane analyzed from only one microphone in the artificial ear.

Indexed as

CuesEarSound LocalizationHumansSignal Processing, Computer-AssistedSoundacoustic signal processingdirection of arrival estimationsignal analysissound source localizationtime-domain analysisvertical plane localization

Identifiers

PMID42740146

DOI10.3390/s26175526

PMCPMC13568182

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.