ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Polarity-Dependent Effects of Sinusoidal Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation on Cardiovascular Responses During Cognitive Load.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
The vestibular system contributes to cardiovascular regulation during changes in gravitational load (e.g., postural transitions, microgravity), in vestibular disorders, and during vestibular stimulations. Studies employing sinusoidal galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) reported conflicting autonomic responses, and recent evidence suggests that vestibular afferents encode GVS in a non-linear fashion. Whether this non-linear encoding results in polarity-dependent autonomic responses and whether such responses interact with concurrent cognitive demand remains unknown. To investigate these issues, we used sinusoidal GVS to modulate vestibular input in 35 healthy individuals while physiological signals were recorded using a wearable device. Participants completed a working memory task, preceded and followed by rest periods, under three counterbalanced conditions: right-anodal/left-cathodal GVS (RGVS), left-anodal/right-cathodal GVS (LGVS), and Sham GVS. Perceived stress was repeatedly assessed. During task performance, heart rate increased with RGVS and decreased with LGVS relative to Sham (
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