ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Material Detection and Sizing of Sub-Resonant Particles by mm-Wave Far-Field Scattering Measurements Using Orthomode Diplexers.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Bi-static measurements of the scattering of sub-resonant, sub-wavelength-sized spheres and water drops at millimeter-wave frequencies are applied for simultaneous material classification and size estimation. Measurements at Ka-band (26.5-40 GHz) and W-band (75-110 GHz) frequencies are presented that reliably detect the correct material and size of the samples under test. In comparison to traditional resonance-based methods, the sub-resonant approach used here advantageously allows us to characterize smaller particles at a given frequency or to reduce the operating frequency for a given particle size. For the dual-polarized scattering measurements, a novel component (a resonant orthomode diplexer) is proposed. A multi-static measurement is used to additionally determine the position of the sample in the scattering plane. This allows for accurate material classification and size estimation even for a displaced particle. Dielectric and metal spheres with a diameter of 0.4-2 mm are investigated as well as water drops with a volume of 0.5-4 µL.
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