ArticlePlants (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Influence of UAV Flight Pattern on Droplet Deposition in Citrus Canopies.
Article in Plants (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Pests and diseases can lead to a decline in citrus fruit quality and yield. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) spraying provides rapid field operation and strong adaptability to complex terrain, and low-altitude, low-volume spraying for orchard pest management. However, existing studies have not yet fully clarified how different UAV flight patterns affect droplet deposition within citrus canopies and the surrounding space. This study evaluated two flight patterns using an XAG P20 UAV: flight pattern 1, parallel to the citrus tree rows, and flight pattern 2, perpendicular to the tree rows. Rhodamine B was used as a tracer, and Mylar cards were placed in the upper, lower outer, and lower inner canopy layers and on sampling rods around the trees. Total canopy deposition, deposition uniformity, canopy penetration, and rod-position deposition were analyzed. Flight pattern significantly affected total canopy deposition (
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