ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Artocarpin-Loaded Chitosan Microparticles on Inflammatory Chondrocytes.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Artocarpin is a promising bioactive compound with anti-inflammatory potential; however, its limited aqueous solubility may restrict its direct biological application. Therefore, artocarpin-loaded chitosan microparticles (CSPs/AE) were prepared as a biocompatible carrier to improve artocarpin delivery. This study aimed to evaluate the cytocompatibility, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory effects of CSPs/AE in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated chondrocytes. CSPs/AE maintained high cell viability (>80% at 0.125 and 0.5 mg/mL) and showed significantly lower cytotoxicity than free artocarpin. Morphological and DAPI analyses confirmed preserved cellular and nuclear integrity without marked apoptosis. CSPs/AE at 0.25 mg/mL reduced LPS-induced intracellular ROS accumulation by approximately 79% relative to the LPS group. Western blot results demonstrated inhibition of LPS-induced NF-κB phosphorylation, with CSPs/AE at 0.5 mg/mL reducing p-NF-κB expression to approximately 0.66-fold of that observed in the LPS group. CSPs/AE also partially restored aggrecan and collagen II expression without promoting a fibrocartilage, as indicated by unchanged collagen I. These findings indicate that CSPs/AE attenuate oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling while preserving cartilage matrix components, highlighting their potential for cartilage-protective applications.
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