ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Novel Caffeine-Assisted Aqueous Extraction Strategy for Enhanced Solubilization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Creosote-Treated Waste Wood.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study evaluates caffeine-assisted aqueous extraction systems for the enhanced extraction of Σ16 US EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from waste creosote-infused wood. Aqueous solutions of eight water-soluble organic acids were investigated with and without caffeine to assess its effect on PAH extraction. Caffeine improved extraction across all systems, but the extent of this improvement varied depending on the initial performance of each extraction agent without caffeine. Deionized water exhibited a negligible extraction yield (0.0027%), whereas caffeine addition increased the yield to 1.6886%, corresponding to a 625-fold improvement. Despite substantial differences among agents without caffeine, most caffeine-containing systems achieved similar extraction yields (4.2-5.3%), indicating that caffeine-induced hydrotropic solubilization became the dominant factor governing PAH extraction. Based on the maximum extraction performance achieved in the presence of caffeine, the investigated systems can be ranked as follows: acetic acid-caffeine > citric acid-caffeine > p-TsOH-caffeine ≈ tartaric acid-caffeine ≈ lactic acid-caffeine ≈ formic acid-caffeine > ascorbic acid-caffeine. These findings identify caffeine-assisted aqueous extraction as a promising approach for enhancing PAH extraction from creosote-treated waste wood while reducing reliance on conventional organic solvents in the primary extraction step.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.