ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2026
Animal Individual Factors Dictate Learning Strategy: An Integrated Analysis of Cattle Adaptation to a Virtual Fencing System.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Virtual fencing (VF) is a promising technology for pasture management, but its successful implementation depends on understanding the factors that influence the animal learning. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the significance of individual animal factors that affect the behavioural and performance-based learning process in cattle during a VF training period. We analysed collar-derived performance data from 171 mixed-age Angus and Salers breed cattle over a 12-day training trial. Learning performance was primarily measured by daily success ratio (SR) and confidence ratio (CR). Learning trajectories and the influence of animal factors were analysed using linear mixed-effects models. A significant increase was observed in the SR over the 12-day period (
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