ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2026
Immunohistochemical Expression of MSH2 and MSH6 Mismatch Repair Proteins and Their Pathological Correlations in Canine Primary Pulmonary Carcinoma.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins have been investigated as biomarkers in human oncology, but their role in canine PPCs has not been characterized. Immunohistochemistry for MCK, TTF-1, MSH2, and MSH6 was performed and evaluated in relation to clinicopathological parameters. Affected dogs had a median age of 10.6 years. Histologically, 16 tumors were classified as adenocarcinoma and one as adenosquamous carcinoma, with papillary architecture predominating. MCK and TTF-1 immunoreactivity was detected in all cases, supporting epithelial and pulmonary differentiation when considered with histopathological and available clinical findings. Absent MSH2 immunoreactivity was observed in 17.6% of cases, whereas absent MSH6 immunoreactivity was observed in 11.8%. MSH2 expression showed a significant inverse association with tumor volume (
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