ReviewAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2026
The Current Status of the 3Rs Principles in Animal Use in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Overview and Future Perspectives.
Review in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This paper presents a review of the legal and policy framework governing the use of animals in scientific procedures in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a focus on the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement). National laws, subordinate regulations, official gazettes, and relevant policy documents were analysed alongside the selected scientific literature. The review describes the content of the legal framework, its points of convergence and divergence with Directive 2010/63/EU, and the institutional bodies that are legally foreseen but not yet fully operational. Implementation gaps identified in the documents are presented as priorities for future empirical work. The analysis highlights the need for stronger coordination, clearer operational guidance, and sustained investment in training and infrastructure to support the 3Rs. Based on these evidence gaps, the paper outlines an alignment pathway toward EU standards, including operational national 3Rs guidelines, a Joint 3Rs Centre, FELASA-aligned training, improved data transparency, and targeted funding. The COST Action IMPROVE (CA21139; "3Rs concepts to improve the quality of biomedical science") is presented as an important foundation for regional cooperation and capacity building.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.