ReviewCancers2026
Current and Emerging Therapies in Primary Vitreoretinal Lymphoma: A Narrative Review.
Review in Cancers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the currently available therapies for primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) and to evaluate emerging therapeutic strategies that may improve patient outcomes. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus for studies published up to 2026. Search terms included "primary vitreoretinal lymphoma", "intravitreal methotrexate", "rituximab", "radiotherapy", "targeted therapy", and "immunotherapy". Eligible publications included randomized controlled trials, prospective and retrospective studies, observational studies, systematic reviews, relevant clinical guidelines, case series, and case reports. Studies were independently screened and assessed by two reviewers. Current therapeutic strategies include intravitreal chemotherapy, systemic high-dose methotrexate-based regimens, and radiotherapy, either as monotherapy or in combination. While intravitreal approaches provide effective local disease control, they fail to address occult or subsequent central nervous system (CNS) dissemination, necessitating the use of systemic treatments in selected patients. In recent years, significant progress in the understanding of PVRL pathophysiology, including the role of MYD88 mutations and interleukin-10 signaling, has paved the way for the development of targeted and immunomodulatory therapies. Agents such as Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated promising results in early clinical studies, particularly in relapsed or refractory disease. Despite advances in diagnostic techniques, the management of PVRL remains challenging due to its heterogeneous presentation, high relapse rates, and frequent progression to CNS involvement.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.