Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42738302›Full record

ArticleCancers2026

Trends in Treatment and Survival Among Patients with Glioblastoma in the United States from 2000 to 2020.

Jianan Chen, Catherine M Boldig, Qiong Wu, Hannah M Cardenas, Kaitlyn N Bernard, Kwadwo Darko, Patrick T Grogan, Yu Sun, Robert J Macaulay, Ekokobe Fonkem and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cancers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Jianan ChenDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6673-6884
Catherine M BoldigDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
Qiong WuDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9712-0647
Hannah M CardenasDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
Kaitlyn N BernardDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
Kwadwo DarkoDepartment of Neurosurgery, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA 17822, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7734-195X
Patrick T GroganDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
Yu SunDepartments of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9785-1316
Robert J MacaulayDepartments of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1115-3654
Ekokobe FonkemBanner MD Anderson Cancer Hospital, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0304-5912
Arnold B EtameDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9656-4702

Funding

Targeting Malignant Reprogramming of Glioblastoma Stem Cells Through Dual Inhibition of S6K1 and BIRC3R01NS135220 · NINDS · H. LEE MOFFITT CANCER CTR & RES INST · PI Arnold Etame · 2024 to 2026
$1.7M
NINDS NIH HHS 1R01NS135220NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS135220
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPopulation-level patterns in the real-world use of initial treatment combinations for glioblastoma (GBM) remain poorly characterized. MATERIALS AND

methodsWe assessed temporal trends in treatment and survival among patients with GBM in the SEER registry. Guideline-concordant multimodal therapy was defined as cancer-directed surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Outcomes were further stratified by extent of resection, including gross total resection (GTR) versus subtotal resection.

resultsAmong 46,186 patients, 43.5% underwent GTR, 32.0% subtotal resection, and 24.5% no surgery; 71.8% received radiotherapy and 61.3% received chemotherapy. From 2000 to 2020, utilization increased for any surgery (OR/year 1.03, 95% CI 1.028-1.036), radiotherapy (1.01, 1.010-1.017), and chemotherapy (1.08, 1.081-1.088), whereas the likelihood of GTR vs. subtotal resection declined (0.92, 0.915-0.922). Triple therapy increased modestly (1.01, 1.005-1.012) but plateaued at 30%. Older age, non-lobar tumors, unmarried status, and lower income predicted lower odds of triple therapy; after adjustment, calendar year showed a marginal decline in the odds of receiving triple therapy (aOR/year 0.99, 0.99-1.00). Median overall survival improved from 6.0 to 10.0 months, with gains in fixed-time survival. Patients receiving multimodal therapy demonstrated the longest survival overall; within this group, GTR-based multimodal therapy was associated with longer survival than subtotal resection-based multimodal therapy across age strata.

conclusionsGuideline-concordant multimodal therapy was associated with the longest survival. GTR rates did not rise in recent years, and substantial disparities in the deployment of GTR-based multimodal therapy persisted. Efforts to expand equitable access and prioritize maximal safe resection are essential to achieve greater population-level survival gains. These differences should be interpreted cautiously, as SEER cannot distinguish appropriate clinical treatment selection from limited access to care or treatment ineligibility.

Indexed as

glioblastomahealth disparitiespopulation-based studysurvivaltreatment patterns

Identifiers

PMID42738302
PMCPMC13565623

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.