ReviewMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Research Progress of Rare-Earth-Functionalized Carbon Electrodes for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries.
Review in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Commercial carbon-based electrodes such as graphite felt and carbon felt in all-vanadium redox flow batteries suffer from inherent drawbacks, including slow vanadium ion redox kinetics, insufficient intrinsic catalytic activity, fiber corrosion, and functional group loss under strong acidic oxidative conditions, significantly limiting battery energy efficiency and long-term operational reliability. Rare-earth elements, with their unique 4f electron shell structure, tunable electronic levels, abundant surface oxygen vacancy defects, and strong coordination ability, offer a dual pathway-electronic and microstructural modulation-to optimize the interfacial electrocatalytic behavior of carbon electrodes, providing a novel materials system to overcome electrode performance bottlenecks in vanadium batteries. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in rare-earth-functionalized carbon electrodes and electrocatalysts for vanadium redox flow batteries, elaborating on core modification strategies, performance enhancement trends, and synergistic catalytic mechanisms. It also presents quantitative experimental results from the literature to clearly demonstrate the benefits: CeO
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