Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42737145›Full record

ArticlePolymers2026

Mechanical Behavior of 3D PolyJet-Printed Nylon 66/Photopolymer Textile Laminates.

Izabela Ciesielska-Wrobel

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Polymers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Izabela Ciesielska-WrobelDepartment of Textiles, Fashion Merchandising and Design, College of Business, University of Rhode Island, 55 Lower College Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3919-7395

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Large-area three-dimensional polyjet printing (3DPP) of continuous photopolymer laminates directly onto knitted fabrics provides a potential route toward technical textile applications beyond localized decorative features. This study investigated acrylic photosensitive resin (APR) laminates measuring 330 × 432 mm deposited onto a Nylon 66 interlock-knitted fabric. 12- and 20-layer laminates were produced in one-sided and two-sided configurations, and their morphology and tensile behavior were evaluated in the wale and course directions before and after 20 h of accelerated xenon-arc weathering. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a continuous external APR layer with localized resin entry into inter-yarn and inter-filament spaces, indicating a form-fitting physical connection between the resin and the knitted structure; interfacial strength was not measured. Before weathering, the 20-layer two-sided (20L-2S) architecture exhibited the highest maximum engineering stress, reaching 13.11 ± 0.37 MPa in the wale direction and 7.44 ± 0.28 MPa in the course direction. In contrast, the 20-layer one-sided (20L-1S) architecture retained substantially greater extensibility, reaching maximum engineering strains of 183.94 ± 2.45% and 217.34 ± 2.88% in the wale and course directions, respectively. Thus, two-sided printing maximized load-bearing capacity, whereas one-sided 20-layer printing provided a better balance between reinforcement and preservation of the large-strain response of the knitted substrate. Accelerated weathering reduced the maximum engineering stress of fabric-supported laminates by 5.4-18.7% and maximum engineering strain by 2.1-21.1%, depending on architecture and loading direction. Unsupported APR laminates exhibited 59.9-77.2% increases in maximum engineering stress after exposure, without a corresponding increase in strain capacity. The contrasting response is consistent with APR post-curing or stiffening combined with reduced Nylon 66 extensibility, although chemical and interface-specific tests are required to distinguish these mechanisms. The results demonstrate that continuous 3DPP can produce mechanically integrated textile-photopolymer laminates with tunable strength-extensibility relationships relevant to flexible technical textile structures.

Indexed as

3D printed on textiles3D printingaccelerated weatheringdirect-to-textile additive manufacturinginterlock-knitted fabriclaminatenonlinear stress–strain behaviorNylon 66photopolymerpolyjet printingstrain stiffeningtensile behavior

Identifiers

PMID42737145
PMCPMC13567941

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.