ArticleMedicine2026
Association of Life's Crucial 9 with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among the individuals with chronic inflammatory airway diseases: A prospective cohort study.
Article in Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Patients with chronic inflammatory airway diseases (CIAD) have been found to carry a higher burden of cardiovascular diseases. The objective of our research is to explore the link between Life's Crucial 9 (LC9), a newly introduced measure of cardiovascular health by the American Heart Association, and the risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among patients with CIAD. This prospective cohort study included 2403 patients with CIAD who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2018. Cox proportional hazards regression models were utilized to calculate the potential associations between LC9 and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality in CIAD patients. Restricted cubic spline was employed to estimate possible nonlinear associations. A total of 2403 patients with CIAD were included in the study. The LC9 were divided into 4 quartiles, using the lowest quartile as the reference category for comparison. Following the adjustment for various confounding factors, it was observed that higher LC9 were linked to a reduced risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among the patient population. After adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, education level, marital status, poverty-to-income ratio, and insurance status, the risk of all-cause mortality decreased by 71% (hazard ratio = 0.29, 95% confidence interval: 0.18-0.49), and the risk of cardiovascular mortality decreased by 87% (hazard ratio = 0.13, 95% confidence interval: 0.05-0.35). Furthermore, the analysis utilizing restricted cubic splines uncovered a nonlinear, positive association between the LC9 scores and mortality rates, including all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, among patients with CIAD. This research indicates that elevated LC9 scores are linked to a lower likelihood of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in individuals suffering from CIAD.
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